Science Magazine online Reference Material in support of article:

Thomas R. Karl and Kevin E. Trenberth
"Modern Global Climate Change," Science, 302 (5651), (5 December 2003) 1719-1723.

Selected U.N. and Intergovernmental Sites

UNEP Climate Change Portal
Central source for research and resources regarding climate change, from the United Nations Environment Programme.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Documents and resources relating to the Kyoto Protocol.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC site includes access to key publications and presentations on climate change.
Global Climate Observing System
Multi-agency U.N. effort established in 1992 to ensure that the observations and information needed to address climate-related issues are obtained and made available to all potential users..
World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
Established under the Global Atmosphere Watch program of the U.N. World Meteorological Organization. Site provides useful basic information on greenhouse and related gases.
Climate Action Network (CAN)
A worldwide network of more than 340 nongovernmental organizations "working to promote government and individual action to limit human-induced climate change to ecologically sustainable levels."
Selected U.S. Government Sites


NASA's Global Change Master Directory
A database of descriptions of Earth science data sets and services relevant to global change research. A collection of earth science Internet links and a learning center are also provided. Highly recommended.
Globalchange.gov
U.S. government gateway to global change data and information.
U.S. Global Change Research Information Office
Access to data and information on climate change research, adaptation/mitigation strategies and technologies, and global change related educational resources on behalf of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the U.S. Global Change Research Program.
Climate Change Impacts on the United States
A report from the U.S. Global Change Research Program.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Rich, consumer-oriented portal to reams of basic information on efficiency and renewable-energy topics, from the U.S. Department of Energy.
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Includes information on GISS research, access to datasets, and a variety of resources including a glossary of frequently used climate terms.
U.S. Climate Action Report
May 2002 U.S. Department of State document outlining Bush Administration policy and activities under international climate change agreements.
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
The primary global change data and information analysis center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Web site includes a collection of global climate change links, a glossary, and a selection of educational links.
Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change
CDIAC document that provides synopses of frequently used time series of global change data.
EPA Global Warming Site
Rich collection of basic information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Climate TimeLine Information Tool
From the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, a useful, dynamic timeline, arranged in powers of ten, that explores weather and climate history on scales ranging from one day to 100,000 years.
A Paleo Perspective . . . On Global Warming
Another educational presentation by the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program.
The El Niño Theme Page
A resource page from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Project at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Other Useful Resources on Climate Change


Pew Center on Global Climate Change
Superb, information-packed site from an independent research and policy center.
Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia
Climate information, resources, and research. The Tiempo Climate Cyberlibrary and the Climate Monitor Online are among the offerings.
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
Information about climate research by a division of the UK Meteorology Office; includes a discussion of climate modeling.
AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment
Free online version of comprehensive reference on geographic relationships between population and environment; includes section on climate change.
Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions
Worthwhile 2001 report, from the National Research Council's Committee on the Science of Climate Change, offers a wealth of basic information on climate change variables.
Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises
A 2002 NRC report explores the meaning of abrupt climate change, and global warming's role as a trigger for such change.
Global Climate Change Student Guide
Nicely laid out basic educational resource provided by the ARIC Web site of the Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, which also includes an encyclopedia of the atmospheric environment and other resources.
The Warming of the Earth
A "beginner's guide" presented by the Woods Hole Research Center.
Weather and Climate Basics
Nicely compiled overview from the National Center for Atmospheric Research explains weather, climate, and the difference between the two.
Global Change and Climate Change Links
An extensive collection provided by ITAS, Research Centre Karlsruhe, Germany.
Global Climate Change: Selective List of Online Resources
A well-organized collection provided by the Pacific Institute.
The North Atlantic Oscillation Thematic Web Site
Web resource provided by David Stephenson, Climate Analysis Group, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK.

Science Special Issues


Special Issue: Understanding Earth's Dynamics
16 June 2000; v. 288, no. 5473
Includes news and review articles on several aspects of climate change study, as well as a Web supplement.
Special Issue: Paleoclimate
21 April 2001; v. 292, no. 5517
News and reviews on earth's variable climatic past, and what it could mean for predictions of future climate change.

Other Science Articles

Nitrogen and Climate Change
Bruce A. Hungate et al.
Science 302, 1512-1513 (2003)
[Summary] [Full text]
Detection of a Human Influence on North American Climate
David J. Karoly et al.
Science 302, 1200-1203 (2003)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Climate in Medieval Time
Raymond S. Bradley, Malcolm K. Hughes, and Henry F. Diaz
Science 302, 404-405 (2003)
[Summary] [Full text]
Simulation of Recent Southern Hemisphere Climate Change
Nathan P. Gillett and David W. J. Thompson
Science 302, 273-275 (2003)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Influence of Satellite Data Uncertainties on the Detection of Externally Forced Climate Change
B. D. Santer et al.
Science 300, 1280-1284 (2003)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Climate Forcing by Aerosols--a Hazy Picture
Theodore L. Anderson et al.
Science 300, 1103-1104 (2003)
[Summary] [Full text]
Toward Integrated Reconstruction of Past Climates
Kevin E. Trenberth and Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Science 300, 589-590 (2003)
[Summary] [Full text]
Abrupt Climate Change
R. B. Alley et al.
Science 299, 2005-2010 (2003)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Advanced Technology Paths to Global Climate Stability: Energy for a Greenhouse Planet
Martin I. Hoffert et al.
Science 298, 981-987 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
Surabi Menon, James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, and Yunfeng Luo
Science 297, 2250-2253 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Soot Takes Center Stage
William L. Chameides and Michael Bergin
Science 297, 2214-2215 (2002)
[Summary] [Full text]
The Ocean's Role in Atlantic Climate Variability
Martin Visbeck
Science 297, 2223-2224 (2002)
[Summary] [Full text]
Dynamics of Recent Climate Change in the Arctic
Richard E. Moritz, Cecilia M. Bitz, and Eric J. Steig
Science 297, 1497-1502 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Ecological Effects of Climate Fluctuations
Nils C. Stenseth et al.
Science 297, 1292-1296 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Interpretation of Recent Southern Hemisphere Climate Change
David W. J. Thompson and Susan Solomon
Science 296, 895-899 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
The Sun's Role in Climate Variations
D. Rind
Science 296, 673-677 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
How Accurate Are Climate Simulations?
Thomas M. Smith, Thomas R. Karl, and Richard W. Reynolds
Science 296, 483-484 (2002)
[Summary] [Full text]
Quantifying Uncertainties in Climate System Properties with the Use of Recent Climate Observations
Chris E. Forest et al.
Science 295, 113-117 (2002)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle
V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld
Science 294, 2119-2124 (2001)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Interpretation of High Projections for Global-Mean Warming
T. M. L. Wigley and S. C. B. Raper
Science 293, 451-454 (2001)
[Abstract] [Full text]
CO2 and Climate Change
Thomas J. Crowley and Robert A. Berner
Science 292, 870-872 (2001)
[Summary] [Full text]
Anthropogenic Warming of Earth's Climate System
Sydney Levitus et al.
Science 292, 267-270 (2001)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change
Martin P. Hoerling, James W. Hurrell, and Taiyi Xu
Science 292, 90-92 (2001)
[Abstract] [Full text]
External Control of 20th Century Temperature by Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings
Peter A. Stott et al.
Science 290, 2133-2137 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System
P. Falkowski et al.
Science 290, 291-296 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
David R. Easterling et al.
Science 289, 2068-2074 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
Thomas J. Crowley
Science 289, 270-277 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Lessons for a New Millennium
Michael E. Mann
Science 289, 253-254 (2000)
[Summary] [Full text]
Status and Improvements of Coupled General Circulation Models
Hartmut Grassl
Science 288, 1991-1997 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
1000 Years of Climate Change
Ray Bradley
Science 288, 1353-1355 (2000)
[Summary] [Full text]
Warming of the World Ocean
Sydney Levitus, John I. Antonov, Timothy P. Boyer, and Cathy Stephens
Science 287, 2225-2229 (2000)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Mid-Holocene Climate Change
Eric J. Steig
Science 286, 1485-1487 (1999)
[Summary] [Full text]
Northern Hemisphere Ice-Sheet Influences on Global Climate Change
Peter U. Clark, Richard B. Alley, and David Pollard
Science 286, 1104-1111 (1999)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Costs of Multigreenhouse Gas Reduction Targets for the USA
Katharine Hayhoe et al.
Science 286, 905-906 (1999)
[Summary] [Full text]
Fossil Fuels Without CO2 Emissions
E. A. Parson and D. W. Keith
Science 282, 1053-1054 (1998)
[Summary] [Full text]
Climate Change Record in Subsurface Temperatures: A Global Perspective
Henry N. Pollack, Shaopeng Huang, and Po-Yu Shen
Science 282, 279-281 (1998)
[Abstract] [Full text]
The Kyoto Negotiations on Climate Change: A Science Perspective
Bert Bolin
Science 279, 330-331 (1998)
[Summary] [Full text]
Thermohaline Circulation, the Achilles Heel of Our Climate System: Will Man-Made CO2 Upset the Current Balance?
Wallace S. Broecker
Science 278, 1582-1588 (1997)
[Abstract] [Full text]
Are We Seeing Global Warming?
K. Hasselmann
Science 276, 914-915 (1997)
[Summary] [Full text]
Climatic Changes of the Last 18,000 Years: Observations and Model Simulations
COHMAP Members
Science 241, 1043-1052 (1988)
[PDF] (10.1 MB)
Modeling the Ice-Age Climate
W. L. Gates
Science 236, 1138-1144 (1976)
[PDF] (1.5 MB)
The Surface of the Ice-Age Earth
CLIMAP Project Member
Science 191, 1131-1137 (1976)
[PDF] (2.1 MB)